Binary Semaphore Wait And Signal
Is an enjoyable analogy: Mutex: Is a key to a toilet. One person can have the key - occupy the toilet - at the time. When finished, the person gives (frees) the key to the next person in the queue.
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However, if you again prove to be unlucky, then the asset you buy would cost $60. Therefore, the next bet is likely to be $40. In case it doesn’t bring profit, the amount invested should be around $120. Martingale system bet. Well, this process continues till you receive a lucky bet and secure sufficient money to recover the losses.
Semaphores Semaphore is a predeclared type in BACI. It is a non-negative valued int variable that can be accessed only in restricted ways. BACI also has a binary semaphore subtype, one that only assumes the values 0 and 1. In binary semaphore, if a process wants to access the resource it performs wait() operation on the semaphore and decrements the value of semaphore from 1 to 0. When it releases the resource, it performs a signal() operation on the semaphore and increments its value to 1.
Officially: 'Mutexes are typically used to serialise access to a section of re-entrant code that cannot be executed concurrently by more than one thread. A mutex object only allows one thread into a controlled section, forcing other threads which attempt to gain access to that section to wait until the first thread has exited from that section.' Ref: Symbian Developer Library (A mutex is really a semaphore with value 1. 
) Semaphore: Is the number of free identical toilet keys. Example, say we have four toilets with identical locks and keys.
The semaphore count - the count of keys - is set to 4 at beginning (all four toilets are free), then the count value is decremented as people are coming in. If all toilets are full, ie. There are no free keys left, the semaphore count is 0. Now, when eq. One person leaves the toilet, semaphore is increased to 1 (one free key), and given to the next person in the queue. Officially: 'A semaphore restricts the number of simultaneous users of a shared resource up to a maximum number.
Threads can request access to the resource (decrementing the semaphore), and can signal that they have finished using the resource (incrementing the semaphore).' Ref: Symbian Developer Library. They are NOT the same thing. They are used for different purposes! While both types of semaphores have a full/empty state and use the same API, their usage is very different. Mutual Exclusion Semaphores Mutual Exclusion semaphores are used to protect shared resources (data structure, file, etc.).
Semaphore Wait And Signal
Binary Semaphore Wait And Signals
A Mutex semaphore is 'owned' by the task that takes it. If Task B attempts to semGive a mutex currently held by Task A, Task B's call will return an error and fail.